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CSS Writing Modes is a CSS module that defines various international writing modes, such as left-to-right (e.g. used by Latin and Indic scripts), right-to-left (e.g. used by Hebrew or Arabic scripts), bidirectional (used when mixing left-to-right and right-to-left scripts) and vertical (e.g. used by some Asian scripts). Reference Properties direction glyph-orientation-horizontal text-combine-upright text-orientation unicode-bidi writing-mode Specifications Specification Status Comment CSS Writing Modes Module Level 3 Proposed Recommendation CSS Level 2 (Revision 1) Recommendation CSS Level 1 Recommendation Initial definition

A CSS pseudo-element is a keyword added to a selector that lets you style a specific part of the selected element(s). For example, ::first-line can be used to change the font of the first line of a paragraph. /* The first line of every <p> element. */ p::first-line { color : blue ; text-transform : uppercase ; } Note: In contrast to pseudo-elements, pseudo-classes can be used to style an element based on its state . Syntax selector::pseudo-element { property : value ; } You can use only one pseudo-element in a selector. It must appear after the simple selectors in the statement. Note: As a rule, double colons ( :: ) should be used instead of a single colon ( : ). This distinguishes pseudo-classes from pseudo-elements. However, since this distinction was not present in older versions of the W3C spec, most browsers support both syntaxes for the original pseudo-elements. Index Pseudo-elements defined by a set of CSS specifications include the following: ...

The CSS ID selector matches an element based on the value of the element’s id attribute. In order for the element to be selected, its id attribute must match exactly the value given in the selector. /* The element with id="demo" */ #demo { border : red 2px solid ; } Syntax #id_value { style properties } Note that syntactically (but not specificity-wise), this is equivalent to the following attribute selector : [id=id_value] { style properties } Examples CSS #identified { background-color : skyblue ; } HTML < div id = " identified " > This div has a special ID on it! </ div > < div > This is just a regular div. </ div > Result Specifications Specification Status Comment Selectors Level 4 The definition of 'ID selectors' in that specification. Working Draft Selectors Level 3 The definition of 'ID selectors' in that specification. Recommendation CSS Level 2 (Revision 1) The definition of...