Css Scale3d()() Example

The scale3d() CSS function defines a transformation that resizes an element in 3D space. Because the amount of scaling is defined by a vector, it can resize different dimensions at different scales. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

This scaling transformation is characterized by a three-dimensional vector. Its coordinates define how much scaling is done in each direction. If all three coordinates are equal, the scaling is uniform (isotropic) and the aspect ratio of the element is preserved (this is a homothetic transformation).

When a coordinate value is outside the [-1, 1] range, the element grows along that dimension; when inside, it shrinks. If it is negative, the result a point reflection in that dimension. A value of 1 has no effect.

Syntax

The scale3d() function is specified with three values, which represent the amount of scaling to be applied in each direction.

scale3d(sx, sy, sz)

Values

sx

Is a <number> representing the abscissa of the scaling vector.

sy

Is a <number> representing the ordinate of the scaling vector.

sz

Is a <number> representing the z-component of the scaling vector.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ3
This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane.		$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\mathrm{sx}& 0& 0\\ 0& \mathrm{sy}& 0\\ 0& 0& \mathrm{sz}\end{array}\right)$	$\left(\begin{array}{cccc}\mathrm{sx}& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& \mathrm{sy}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& \mathrm{sz}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$

Examples

Without changing the origin

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="scaled">Scaled</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.scaled {
  transform: perspective(500px) scale3d(2, 0.7, 0.2) translateZ(100px);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Translating the origin of the transformation

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="scaled">Scaled</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.scaled {
  transform: perspective(500px) scale3d(2, 0.7, 0.2) translateZ(100px);
  transform-origin: left;
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
CSS Transforms Level 2 The definition of 'scale3d()' in that specification.	Editor's Draft	Initial definition

Browser compatibility

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	WebView Android	Chrome Android	Firefox for Android	Opera Android	Safari on IOS	Samsung Internet
scale3d()	1	12	3.5 ["Firefox 14 removed experimental support for skew(), but it was reintroduced in Firefox 15.", "Before Firefox 16, the translation values of matrix() and matrix3d() could be <length>s, in addition to the standard <number>."]	9 Internet Explorer 9 supports 2D but not 3D transforms. In version 9, mixing 2D and 3D transform functions invalidates the entire property.	10.5	3.1	2	18	4	11	3.2	1.0
3d	12	12	10	10	15	4	3	18	10	14	3.2	1.0

See also

• transform
• <transform-function>
• scaleZ()
• translate3d()
• rotate3d()